Selasa, 11 Mei 2010

Jangan Malu Punya Saudara Autis

Oleh Diyah Kusumawardhani

Memiliki saudara kandung yang individu autistik tentunya bukan hal yang mudah. Perasaan malu pastinya akan datang menghantui. Tapi bukan itu yang dialami Atikah Haira Bagawan. Remaja putri yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah menengah atas di High Scope ini malah menulis buku tentang adiknya, Zaky yang menderita autis.

“Rata-rata orang yang punya saudara autis itu malu kalau saudaranya autis. Makanya aku pengen banget ngajak temen-temen yang punya sodara kandung autis biar gak malu lagi,” begitu Tika, panggilan akrab Atikah, kepada kru eL-Ka saat ditemui beberapa jam sebelum launching bukunya ‘Zaky, My Autistic Brother’ di Depdiknas, Jakarta, Rabu (12/8).

Menurut Wikipedia, autisme itu adalah suatu kondisi mengenai seseorang sejak lahir ataupun saat masa balita, yang membuat dirinya tidak dapat membentuk hubungan sosial atau komunikasi yang normal. Akibatnya, anak tersebut bisa terisolasi dari manusia lain dan masuk dalam dunia repetitive (berulang), aktivitas dan minat yang obsesif (Baron-Cohen, 1993).

Dalam karakteristik anak dengan autisme, ada enam gangguan yang bisa dideteksi; yaitu dalam interaksi sosial, komunikasi (bahasa dan bicara), perilaku-emosi, pola bermain, gangguan sensoris, dan perkembangan terlambat atau tidak normal (Power, 1989). Sedangkan gejala autisme ini mulai tampak sejak lahir atau saat masih kecil dan biasanya sebelum anak berusia tiga tahun.

Tau gak, berdasarkan penelitian yang didanai Autism Genome Project Cabang Kanada pada sekitar 2007, Steven Scherer - peneliti di Universitas Toronto, Kanada – memeriksa kromosom X yang berjumlah 23. Ternyata, pada masing-masing kromosom ada beberapa gen yang abnormal. Dari situlah ia berkesimpulan bahwa autisme bersifat genetik. Dan pada kromosom nomor 11 itulah yang paling menonjol kelainannya. Scherer pun akhirnya menyimpulkan sementara atas studinya tersebut bahwa 90% penyebab autisme adalah gen.

Sedangkan Dokter Bridget Fernandez, selaku Ketua Autism Genome Project, memperkuat temuan Scherer. Menurutnya, autisme itu berkaitan dengan faktor keturunan. Ia meyakini, meski autisme tidak akan muncul dalam satu jenjang keturunan, faktor gen berperan disini. Intinya nih Sob, kalau “leluhur” keluarga ada yang autis, maka bisa jadi akan ada keturunan yang mengalami hal yang sama meski bapak-ibunya normal.

eL-Ka mengutip Majalah Gatra ediai Maret 2007, bahwa di Indonesia sendiri diperkirakan lebih dari 400.000 anak menyandang autisme. Sedangkan di dunia, pada 1987, prevalensi penyandang autisme diperkirakan 1 berbanding 5.000 kelahiran. Sepuluh tahun kemudian, angka itu berubah menjadi 1 anak penyandang autisme per 500 kelahiran. Pada tahun 2000, naik jadi 1:250. makin meningkat jumlahnya dan penyebabnya pun masih menjadi perdebatan panjang para dokter dan ilmuwan.

Nah, kebayang kan gimana perasaan Tika punya adik yang berkebutuhan khusus? Waktu itu Tika sempat bercerita kepada eL-Ka, bahwa ketika kecil dulu, dia pernah merasa aneh dengan tingkah laku adiknya yang berbeda dengan anak-anak seusianya. “Tapi dulu masih belum begitu peduli,” ujar Tika yang punya cita-cita menjadi dokter spesialis anak ini.

Namun lama kelamaan, setelah diberikan pengertian oleh kedua orang tuanya dan setelah Tika mendapatkan banyak informasi tentang autisme, akhirnya iapun menjadi memahami kondisi sang adik. “Lama kelamaan aku jadi pengen tau kenapa Zaky begini,” kata Tika.

Kepada eL-Ka, anak pertama dari tiga bersaudara itu menjelaskan sekilas tentang autisme yang diderita adiknya. Menurutnya, autisme ada yang verbal dan non verbal. “Nah, Zaky itu termasuk yang non verbal. Zaky bisa ngomong ‘mama‘ itu baru waktu umur dua tahun. Sekarang Zaky dah bisa ngomong meski gak lancar,” jelas Tika.

Tika melanjutkan, menurutnya, anak-anak autis itu sebenarnya memiliki kemampuan atau bakat tersembunyi. Ia pun mencontohkan adiknya, Zaky. Zaky yang peka dan sensitif ternyata memiliki kemampuan bermain drum yang baik.

Setelah melalui berbagai macam terapi, Zaky pun sekarang sudah bisa bersosialisasi dan bersekolah dengan anak-anak normal lainnya. “Zaky sekarang kelas dua SMP,” ujarnya bangga.

Kesimpulannya nih ukhti fillah, jangan malu jika suatu hari kita melahirkan anak yang ternyata di vonis autis atau punya saudara kandung yang autis. Justru kita harus cerdas untuk terus mencari informasi mengenai hal ini, agar kita bisa menghadapinya. Karena walau bagaimanapun juga, mereka adalah titipan Allah yang jika kita sabar menghadapinya dan tidak menyia-nyiakannya, insya Allah bisa berbuah pahala. Wallahu’alam.

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